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Article

Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 9 Jun 1998

Llopis J, McCaffery J M, Miyawaki A, Farquhar M G, Tsien R Y

Abstract excerpt

Many cellular events depend on a tightly compartmentalized distribution of H+ ions across membrane-bound organelles. However, measurements of organelle pH in living cells have been scarce. Several mutants of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) displayed a pH-dependent absorbance and fluorescent emission, with apparent pKa values ranging from 6.15 (mutations F64L/S65T/H231L) and 6.4...

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Identifiers

PMID: 9618493
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6803
PMCID: PMC22642

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

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