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Article

Orofacial clefts, parental cigarette smoking, and transforming growth factor-alpha gene variants.

American journal of human genetics - 1 Mar 1996

Shaw G M, Wasserman C R, Lammer E J, O'Malley C D, Murray J C, Basart A M, Tolarova M M

Abstract excerpt

Results of studies to determine whether women who smoke during early pregnancy are at increased risk of delivering infants with orofacial clefts have been mixed, and recently a gene-environment interaction between maternal smoking, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFa), and clefting has been reported. Using a large population-based case-control study, we investigated whether parental periconceptional cigarette...

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PMID: 8644715
PMCID: PMC1914570

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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