Oral clefts, transforming growth factor alpha gene variants, and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Denmark, 1991-1994.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009799

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Article

Oral clefts, transforming growth factor alpha gene variants, and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Denmark, 1991-1994.

American journal of epidemiology - 1 Feb 1999

Christensen K, Olsen J, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Basso O, Støvring H, Milhollin-Johnson L, Murray J C

Abstract excerpt

Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish ca...

Topics

Adult
Birth Certificates
Case-Control Studies
Cleft Lip
Cleft Palate
Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
Denmark
Female
Genotype
Humans
Logistic Models
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Smoking
Transforming Growth Factor alpha

Source

Open in PubMed

Identifiers

PMID: 9927220
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009799

Genes

TGFA

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 30 Aug 2026. Prepared record publication-9927220-2026-08-30.1. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-08-30.1.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 30 Aug 2026.

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