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Article

Maternal smoking and the risk of orofacial clefts: Susceptibility with NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) - 1 Mar 2004

Lammer Edward J, Shaw Gary M, Iovannisci David M, Van Waes Janee, Finnell Richard H

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts are etiologically heterogeneous malformations. One probable cause is maternal smoking during pregnancy. The effect of maternal smoking may be modified by genes involved in biotransformation of toxic compounds derived from tobacco. We investigated whether polymorphic variants of fetal acetyl-N-transferases 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) interact with maternal cigarette smoking during early...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 15127906
DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000112214.33432.cc

Genes

NAT1
NAT2

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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