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Article

Estimation of direct and indirect polygenic effects and gene-environment interactions using polygenic scores in case-parent trio studies.

Nature genetics - 1 Jun 2026

Wang Ziqiao, Grosvenor Luke, Ray Debashree, Cheng Tianyuan, Ruczinski Ingo, Beaty Terri H, Volk Heather, Ladd-Acosta Christine, Chatterjee Nilanjan

Abstract excerpt

We have proposed PGS-TRI, a framework for analyzing polygenic scores (PGSs) in case-parent trio studies that estimate the risk of an index condition associated with direct PGS effects, gene-environment interactions and asymmetrical maternal and paternal indirect effects. Simulations confirm its robustness in the presence of complex population structure and assortative mating. Applied to multi-ancestry autism...

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Identifiers

PMID: 42230772
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-026-02601-2
PMCID: PMC13263142

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