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Article

TNF and increased intracellular iron alter macrophage polarization to a detrimental M1 phenotype in the injured spinal cord.

Neuron - 3 Sept 2014

Kroner Antje, Greenhalgh Andrew D, Zarruk Juan G, Passos Dos Santos Rosmarini, Gaestel Matthias, David Samuel

Abstract excerpt

Macrophages and microglia can be polarized along a continuum toward a detrimental (M1) or a beneficial (M2) state in the injured CNS. Although phagocytosis of myelin in vitro promotes M2 polarization, macrophage/microglia in the injured spinal cord retain a predominantly M1 state that is detrimental to recovery. We have identified two factors that underlie this skewing toward M1 polarization in the injured CNS....

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 25132469
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.027

Genes

TNF

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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