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Article

Molecular evolution of the metazoan PHD-HIF oxygen-sensing system.

Molecular biology and evolution - 1 Jun 2011

Rytkönen Kalle T, Williams Tom A, Renshaw Gillian M, Primmer Craig R, Nikinmaa Mikko

Abstract excerpt

Metazoans rely on aerobic energy production, which requires an adequate oxygen supply. During reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia), the most profound changes in gene expression are mediated by transcription factors known as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF alpha proteins are commonly posttranslationally regulated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes, which are direct "sensors" of cellular oxygen levels. We...

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Identifiers

PMID: 21228399
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr012

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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