Article

Halogens as Thyroid Disruptors: Molecular Modeling of Competitive Interference with Iodine in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis

2026-05-04

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Introduction:</bold> Thyroid hormone biosynthesis depends on stepwise iodination of tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin, mediated by the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Based on halogen reactivity, lighter ions—fluoride (F⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), and bromide (Br⁻)—have greater electronegativity and smaller ionic radii than iodide (I⁻), enabling competitive...

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Literature Corpus work: 04fc3ee9-1804-5308-bcd8-2d277e7c55c9
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586970/v1

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