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Intestinal metabolite TMAO promotes CKD progression by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization through histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation

19 Aug 2025

Abstract excerpt

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is tightly associated with renal fibrosis, which is regulated by macrophage M2 polarization. The intestinal metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported to promote CKD, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we elucidated a mechanism wherein TMAO excreted through the kidneys alters the pyruvate metabolism of renal tubular epithelial cells,...

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PMID: 40830246
DOI: 10.1038/s41418-025-01554-z

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