Article
Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction.
Genes, brain, and behavior - 1 Jun 2012
Clarke T-K, Ambrose-Lanci L, Ferraro T N, Berrettini W H, Kampman K M, Dackis C A, Pettinati H M, O'Brien C P, Oslin D W, Lohoff F W
Abstract excerpt
Genetic factors are believed to account for 30-50% of the risk for cocaine and heroin addiction. Dynorphin peptides, derived from the prodynorphin (PDYN) precursor, bind to opioid receptors, preferentially the kappa-opioid receptor, and may mediate the aversive effects of drugs of abuse. Dynorphin peptides produce place aversion in animals and produce dysphoria in humans. Cocaine and heroin have both been shown...
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