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Article

HIV-1 proteins preferentially activate anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) - 15 Apr 2012

Chihara Takashi, Hashimoto Michihiro, Osman Abu, Hiyoshi-Yoshidomi Yuka, Suzu Ikuko, Chutiwitoonchai Nopporn, Hiyoshi Masateru, Okada Seiji, Suzu Shinya

Abstract excerpt

HIV-1 proteins, including Tat, gp120, and Nef, activate macrophages (MΦ), which is consistent with the fact that HIV-1 infection is characterized by sustained immune activation. Meanwhile, MΦ are functionally classified into two types: proinflammatory M1-MΦ and anti-inflammatory M2-MΦ. We show that HIV-1 proteins, particularly Nef, preferentially activate M2-MΦ. Extracellular Tat, gp120, and Nef activated MAPK...

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Share to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Share to HIV Envelope Protein gp120

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Share to Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Share to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

Share to nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Share to tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Source

Identifiers

PMID: 22407921
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101593

Genes

TNF

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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