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Article

Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies.

International journal of epidemiology - 1 Jun 2011

Burgess Stephen, Thompson Simon G

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Mendelian randomization is used to test and estimate the magnitude of a causal effect of a phenotype on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). Estimates of association from IV analysis are biased in the direction of the confounded, observational association between phenotype and outcome. The magnitude of the bias depends on the F-statistic for the strength of...

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Share to Bias
Share to Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
Share to Data Interpretation, Statistical

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Share to Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Share to Genetic Variation

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 21414999
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr036

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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