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Article

Bias in causal estimates from Mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments.

Statistics in medicine - 20 May 2011

Burgess Stephen, Thompson Simon G

Abstract excerpt

Mendelian randomization studies using genetic instrumental variables (IVs) are now being commonly used to estimate the causal association of a phenotype on an outcome. Even when the necessary underlying assumptions are valid, estimates from analyses using IVs are biased in finite samples. The source and nature of this bias appear poorly understood in the epidemiological field. We explain why the bias is in the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 21432888
DOI: 10.1002/sim.4197

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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