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Article

Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.

International journal of epidemiology - 1 Apr 2015

Bowden Jack, Davey Smith George, Burgess Stephen

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: The number of Mendelian randomization analyses including large numbers of genetic variants is rapidly increasing. This is due to the proliferation of genome-wide association studies, and the desire to obtain more precise estimates of causal effects. However, some genetic variants may not be valid instrumental variables, in particular due to them having more than one proximal phenotypic correlate...

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Identifiers

PMID: 26050253
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv080
PMCID: PMC4469799

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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