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Article

Maternal genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the risk of hypospadias.

Molecular human reproduction - 1 Feb 2005

Kurahashi N, Sata F, Kasai S, Shibata T, Moriya K, Yamada H, Kakizaki H, Minakami H, Nonomura K, Kishi R

Abstract excerpt

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Increased exposure to environmental factors (endocrine-disrupting chemicals and smoking) or maternal endogenous estrogen may cause hypospadias because male sexual differentiation is dependent on normal androgen homeostasis. Moreover, interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking and other chemicals have been suggested. It has been...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 15579657
DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah134

Genes

GSTM1
GSTT1

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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