Article
Environmental and genetic contributors to hypospadias: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.
Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology - 1 Jul 2012
Carmichael Suzan L, Shaw Gary M, Lammer Edward J
Abstract excerpt
This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias, the association of hypospadias with endocrine-disrupting exposures, and the potential contribution of genetic susceptibility to its etiology. The review focuses on epidemiologic evidence. Increasing prevalence of hypospadias has been observed, but such increases tend to be localized to specific regions or time periods....
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