Multifocal transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and upper urinary tract: molecular screening of clonal origin by characterizing CD44 alternative splicing patterns.

Abstract excerpt

PURPOSE: CD44 is a widely expressed cell surface adhesion molecule in which various isoforms arise from alternative RNA splicing mechanism during cancer initiation. We assessed whether multifocal transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium is due to field change and/or intraluminal seeding and implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a series of 24 patients with synchronous and/or metachronous multiple...

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