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Article

Maternal smoking, genetic variation of glutathione s-transferases, and risk for orofacial clefts.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) - 1 Sept 2005

Lammer Edward J, Shaw Gary M, Iovannisci David M, Finnell Richard H

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking is a known risk factor for orofacial clefts. We investigated whether risk is greater among offspring who lack the genetic capacity to produce glutathione S-transferase enzymes relevant to detoxification of chemicals in cigarette smoke. METHODS: Using a population-based case-control design, we genotyped 423 California infants with an isolated cleft and 294 nonmalformed controls for...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 16135950
DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000172136.26733.4b

Genes

GSTM1
GSTT1

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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