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Article

Limb deficiency defects, MSX1, and exposure to tobacco smoke.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A - 15 Mar 2004

Carmichael Suzan L, Shaw Gary M, Yang Wei, Lammer Edward J, Zhu Huiping, Finnell Richard H

Abstract excerpt

There is increasing evidence from epidemiologic studies that genetic susceptibilities may modify the teratogenic effects of smoking. A previous study suggested that maternal smoking in the presence of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism for MSX1 produced an almost fivefold increased risk for limb anomalies, providing evidence for a gene-environment interaction. The current study examined this potential...

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Share to Dinucleotide Repeats
Share to Homeodomain Proteins
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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 14994238
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20517

Genes

MSX1

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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