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Article

Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot.

Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology - 1 Jan 2011

Sommer Amy, Blanton Susan H, Weymouth Katelyn, Alvarez Christine, Richards B Stephen, Barnes Douglas, Hecht Jacqueline T

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Isolated clubfoot is a common orthopedic birth defect that affects approximately 135,000 newborns worldwide. It is characterized by ankle equinus, hindfoot varus, and forefoot adductus. Although numerous studies suggest a multifactorial etiology, the specific genetic and environmental...

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Share to Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Open in PubMed Open full text

Identifiers

PMID: 21254355
DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20742
PMCID: PMC3799798

Genes

EPHX1
NAT2
GSTM1
GSTT1

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 2 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-21254355-2026-09-02.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-02.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 2 Sept 2026.

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