Article

Dual stimulation of CD40 and 41BB pathways during ex-vivo TIL expansion enhances CD8+ T cell expansion

2026-07-26

Abstract excerpt

<h4>ABSTRACT</h4> <h4>Background</h4> Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has demonstrated clinical efficacy in malignant melanoma; however, inefficient ex vivo expansion remains a major limitation. We previously showed that stimulation of tumor-infiltrating B cells via CD40-CD40L axis improves TIL expansion, and that direct activation of the 41BB–41BBL pathway on T cells enhances CD8⁺ T cell outgrowth....

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Literature Corpus work: 6c6011ed-b971-50ec-9531-d59f6ffeb005
DOI: 10.64898/2026.07.22.740128

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