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Raloxifene and tamoxifen reshape the immunometabolic phenotype of TLRs-activated macrophages through AEBS inhibition and lysosomal stress.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie - 1 Aug 2026

Sfogliarini Chiara, Bernardinelli Camilla, Tran Lien Hong, Corsetto Paola Antonia, Rizzo Angela Maria, Cattani Franca, Cesta Maria Candida, Allegretti Marcello, Della Torre Sara, Locati Massimo, Vegeto Elisabetta

Abstract excerpt

Macrophages are key effectors of innate immune responses and infection control, relying on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense pathogens and adopt immunometabolic anti-infective phenotypes. Raloxifene (RAL) and tamoxifen (TAM) are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) known to reprogram macrophage inflammatory responses via estrogen receptor-independent mechanisms, including NRF2 activation. Although...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 42372357
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119708

Genes

TLR2
TLR4
TLR7
TNF

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026.

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