Evolutionary patterns of pH1N1 and H3N2 in relation to vaccine use.

Abstract excerpt

The rapid evolution of viral antigens poses a major challenge to infectious disease control, particularly for pathogens like influenza that undergo frequent antigenic changes. While deep mutational scanning and platforms such as Nextstrain have advanced our understanding of mutation effects and population-level viral dynamics, they often rely on strain-level analyses that may overlook key within-strain antigenic...

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