Causal association between heart failure and bone mineral density: Insights from a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Abstract excerpt

In recent times, the association between HF and BMD has attracted enormous interest in the scientific community. However, published epidemiological observational studies on the relationship between HF and BMD remain inconclusive. Herein, we evaluated from the analytical perspective a two-sample bidirectional MR study to analyze the causal association between HF and BMD using a summary-level GWAS Catalog. To...

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