Exosomal communication by metastatic osteosarcoma cells modulates alveolar macrophages to an M2 tumor-promoting phenotype and inhibits tumoricidal functions.

Abstract excerpt

Osteosarcoma metastasizes to the lung, and there is a link between the predominance of tumor-promoting immunosuppressive M2 macrophages in the metastases and poor patient survival. By contrast, M1 macrophage predominance correlates with longer survival. M2 macrophages can be induced by various stimuli in the tumor microenvironment, including exosomes, which are 40- to 150-nm vesicles that are involved in...

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