Article
Immuno-inhibitory PD-L1 can be induced by a peptidoglycan/NOD2 mediated pathway in primary monocytic cells and is deficient in Crohn's patients with homozygous NOD2 mutations.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) - 1 May 2012
Hewitt Rachel E, Pele Laetitia C, Tremelling Mark, Metz Andrew, Parkes Miles, Powell Jonathan J
Abstract excerpt
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a ubiquitous bacterial membrane product that, despite its well known pro-inflammatory properties, has also been invoked in immuno-tolerance of the gastrointestinal tract. PGN-induced mucosal IL-10 secretion and downregulation of Toll like receptors are potential mechanisms...
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