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Article

Prevalence of epistasis in the evolution of influenza A surface proteins.

PLoS genetics - 1 Feb 2011

Kryazhimskiy Sergey, Dushoff Jonathan, Bazykin Georgii A, Plotkin Joshua B

Abstract excerpt

The surface proteins of human influenza A viruses experience positive selection to escape both human immunity and, more recently, antiviral drug treatments. In bacteria and viruses, immune-escape and drug-resistant phenotypes often appear through a combination of several mutations that have epistatic effects on pathogen fitness. However, the extent and structure of epistasis in influenza viral proteins have not...

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Share to Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

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Share to Influenza A virus

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 21390205
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001301
PMCID: PMC3040651

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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