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Article

Modification of Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes by African Ancestry at HLA.

Archives of neurology - 1 Feb 2009

Cree Bruce A C, Reich David E, Khan Omar, De Jager Philip L, Nakashima Ichiro, Takahashi Toshiyuki, Bar-Or Amit, Tong Christine, Hauser Stephen L, Oksenberg Jorge R

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: In those with multiple sclerosis (MS), African American individuals have a more severe disease course, an older age at onset, and more often have clinical manifestations restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord (opticospinal MS) than white persons. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether genetic variation influences clinical MS patterns. DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Six...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 19204159
DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2008.541
PMCID: PMC4334456

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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