Synergistic fitness interactions and a high frequency of beneficial changes among mutations accumulated under relaxed selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract excerpt

Spontaneous mutations were accumulated for approximately 4800 generations in 48 lines of yeast protected from effective selection by frequent passage through single-cell bottlenecks. Changes in fitness were evaluated by direct competition with matched parental stocks differing only at a selectively neutral marker locus. Average fitness declined by approximately 5% over the course of the experiment. The rate of...

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