Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotes an osteoblast-like phenotype in human aortic valve myofibroblasts: a potential regulatory mechanism of valvular calcification.

Abstract excerpt

Valvular calcification during calcific aortic stenosis is associated with morphological features of bone formation and expression of various bone-associated proteins, which are both associated with marked leukocyte infiltration of the calcified valve areas. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is abundantly present in areas of leukocyte infiltration in stenotic aortic valves. We...

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