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Article

Mutants of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as safe and strong adjuvants for intranasal delivery of vaccines.

Expert review of vaccines - 1 Apr 2003

Peppoloni Samuele, Ruggiero Paolo, Contorni Mario, Morandi Maurizio, Pizza Mariagrazia, Rappuoli Rino, Podda Audino, Del Giudice Giuseppe

Abstract excerpt

Cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin are powerful mucosal adjuvants but their high toxicity hampers their use in humans. Site-directed mutagenesis has allowed the generation of several cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin mutants with abolished or strongly reduced toxicity that still retain strong mucosal adjuvanticity. Among them, LTK63 (Ser to Lys substitution at position 63...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy Delete account & data About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 12899578
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2.2.285

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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