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Article

Intranasal immunization with influenza vaccine and a detoxified mutant of heat labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli (LTK63).

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society - 13 Dec 2002

Pine Samuel, Barackman John, Ott Gary, O'Hagan Derek

Abstract excerpt

Groups of 10 Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally (IN) with influenza haemagglutinin (HA), and a genetically detoxified mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli (LTK63) at several different doses. IN immunization at the optimal dose combination for HA and LTK63 induced equivalent levels of serum IgG antibodies to intramuscular (IM) immunization with HA alone, and induced significantly enhanced...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 12480330
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00274-2

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 5 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-05.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 5 Sept 2026.

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