Mechanisms involved in valvuloseptal endocardial cushion formation in early cardiogenesis: Roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)

Abstract excerpt

Endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a critical event in the generation of the endocardial cushion, the primordia of the valves and septa of the adult heart. This embryonic phenomenon occurs in the outflow tract (OT) and atrioventricular (AV) canal of the embryonic heart in a spatiotemporally restricted manner, and is initiated by putative myocardially derived inductive signals (adherons) which are...

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