Transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor mediate phenotype maturation and tissue remodeling by embryonic valve progenitor cells: relevance for heart valve tissue engineering.

Abstract excerpt

Despite years of research, limited understanding of heart valve cell and tissue biology remains a key impediment to valvular tissue engineering progress. Heart valves rapidly evolve structural and cellular composition naturally during embryonic development, which suggests that mimicking these signaling events could advance engineered valve tissue research. Many inductive factors participate in the initial...

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