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Article

The proenkephalin gene (PENK) and opioid dependence.

Neuroreport - 6 Apr 1999

Comings D E, Blake H, Dietz G, Gade-Andavolu R, Legro R S, Saucier G, Johnson P, Verde R, MacMurray J P

Abstract excerpt

We tested the hypothesis that the alleles at the (CA)n repeat of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) might be associated with opioid addiction in 31 non-Hispanic Caucasian subjects with opioid dependence (heroin), 89 ethnically matched subjects with substance dependence other than opioid dependence and 132 controls. Among the subjects with opioid dependence, 66% carried the > or = 81 bp allele compared with 40% of...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 10321497
DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199904060-00042

Genes

PENK

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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