Explicit representation of germline and non-germline residues improves antibody language modeling

Abstract excerpt

Antibodies originate from germline templates and are diversified by somatic hypermutation, producing sequences in which conserved germline residues scaffold structure while rare non-germline (NGL) substitutions refine antigen binding. Current antibody language models (ALMs) treat all residues equivalently and inherit a germline bias that systematically down-weights functionally critical NGL mutations as statistica...

Topics

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• Amino Acid Sequence
• Antibodies
• Computational Biology
• Germ-Line Mutation
• Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
• Mutation
• Selection, Genetic
• vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

Identifiers and source

Literature Corpus work

5983fef4-f521-5bfd-b665-3bdd6c7b42ef

DOI

10.64898/2026.05.06.723387