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Article

Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the estrogen receptor gene and hormone independence in human breast cancer.

Oncology - 1 Dec 1998

Iwase H, Omoto Y, Iwata H, Hara Y, Ando Y, Kobayashi S

Abstract excerpt

The existence of hormone-independent tumors is a substantial problem for the present endocrine treatment of breast cancers. Estrogen receptor (ER) gene mutation can change the biochemical activity of the protein and can affect hormone responsiveness. However, quite a few mutations of significance have been described in breast cancer. Recently, numerous variant ERs have been detected at the mRNA level with...

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Identifiers

PMID: 9852397
DOI: 10.1159/000055254

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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