Identification and Functional Characterization of a Smad Binding Element (SBE) in the JunB Promoter That Acts as a Transforming Growth Factor-β, Activin, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-inducible Enhancer

Abstract excerpt

Smad proteins have been identified as mediators of intracellular signal transduction by members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, which affect cell proliferation, differentiation, as well as pattern formation during early vertebrate development. Following receptor activation, Smads are assembled into heteromeric complexes consisting of a pathway-restricted Smad and the common Smad4...

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