The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes.

doi:10.1038/ng0397-293

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Article

The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes.

Nature genetics - 1 Mar 1997

Pugliese A, Zeller M, Fernandez A, Zalcberg L J, Bartlett R J, Ricordi C, Pietropaolo M, Eisenbarth G S, Bennett S T, Patel D D

Abstract excerpt

Type 1, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease associated with loss of tolerance to several pancreatic islet cell molecules, including insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), ICA69 and the tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (refs 1-3). Among several predisposing loci, I...

Topics

Aging
Alleles
Child
Child, Preschool
Chromosome Mapping
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
DNA Primers
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Disease Susceptibility
Embryonic and Fetal Development
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Genetic Variation

Humans

Infant

Infant, Newborn

Insulin

Minisatellite Repeats

Organ Specificity

Source

Open in PubMed

Identifiers

PMID: 9054945
DOI: 10.1038/ng0397-293

Genes

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 30 Aug 2026. Prepared record publication-9054945-2026-08-30.1. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-08-30.1.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 30 Aug 2026.

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The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes.PMID 9054945Read ↗

Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Class III alleles of the variable number of tandem repeat insulin polymorphism associated with silencing of thymic insulin predispose to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin expression levels in the thymus modulate insulin-specific autoreactive T-cell tolerance: the mechanism by which the IDDM2 locus may predispose to diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

A functional analysis of the role of IGF2 in IDDM2-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Differential Splicing of the IA-2 mRNA in Pancreas and Lymphoid Organs as a Permissive Genetic Mechanism for Autoimmunity Against the IA-2 Type 1 Diabetes AutoantigenSemantic proximity Read ↗

Self-antigen-presenting cells expressing diabetes-associated autoantigens exist in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs.Semantic proximity Read ↗

An HLA-Transgenic Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes That Incorporates the Reduced but Not Abolished Thymic Insulin Expression Seen in Patients.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin transactivator MafA regulates intrathymic expression of insulin and affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Divergence between genetic determinants of IGF2 transcription levels in leukocytes and of IDDM2-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite locus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

IDDM2-VNTR-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: dominant protection and parental transmission of alleles of the insulin gene-linked minisatellite locus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin alleles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene expression both influence insulin expression in the thymus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

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