Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus.

doi:10.1038/ng0397-289

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Article

Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus.

Nature genetics - 1 Mar 1997

Vafiadis P, Bennett S T, Todd J A, Nadeau J, Grabs R, Goodyer C G, Wickramasinghe S, Colle E, Polychronakos C

Abstract excerpt

Type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Genetic susceptibility to IDDM is encoded by several loci, one of which (IDDM2) maps to a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) minisatellite, upstream of the insulin gene (...

Topics

Abortion, Therapeutic
Adult
Alleles
Animals
Chromosome Mapping
DNA Primers
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Disease Susceptibility
Female
Fetus
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Humans

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Immune Tolerance

Insulin

Male

Mice

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Minisatellite Repeats

Source

Open in PubMed

Identifiers

PMID: 9054944
DOI: 10.1038/ng0397-289

Genes

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 30 Aug 2026. Prepared record publication-9054944-2026-08-30.1. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-08-30.1.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 30 Aug 2026.

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Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus.PMID 9054944Read ↗

Class III alleles of the variable number of tandem repeat insulin polymorphism associated with silencing of thymic insulin predispose to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin expression levels in the thymus modulate insulin-specific autoreactive T-cell tolerance: the mechanism by which the IDDM2 locus may predispose to diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

A functional analysis of the role of IGF2 in IDDM2-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Class III alleles at the insulin VNTR polymorphism are associated with regulatory T-cell responses to proinsulin epitopes in HLA-DR4, DQ8 individuals.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin alleles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene expression both influence insulin expression in the thymus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

IDDM2-VNTR-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: dominant protection and parental transmission of alleles of the insulin gene-linked minisatellite locus.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin VNTR allele-specific effect in type 1 diabetes depends on identity of untransmitted paternal allele. The IMDIAB Group.Semantic proximity Read ↗

The insulin gene in type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Divergence between genetic determinants of IGF2 transcription levels in leukocytes and of IDDM2-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Imprinted and genotype-specific expression of genes at the IDDM2 locus in pancreas and leucocytes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

An HLA-Transgenic Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes That Incorporates the Reduced but Not Abolished Thymic Insulin Expression Seen in Patients.Semantic proximity Read ↗

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