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Article

Increased or decreased numbers of CpG dinucleotide motifs in the genome of influenza A virus do not affect in vitro virus phenotype.

Journal of virology - 21 Jul 2026

Susma Balasubramanian, Spronken Monique, van Nieuwkoop Stefan, Kalverda Bernike, Gultyaev Alexander P, Fouchier Ron A M, van den Hoogen Bernadette G

Abstract excerpt

Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide motifs are the most underrepresented motifs in RNA virus genomes, including those of the influenza A viruses (IAV). Previous studies have indicated that increasing the number of CpG motifs in IAV genomes negatively impacts viral replication. However, outcomes of these studies have been inconsistent, most likely due to variations in experimental designs. Here, the...

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PMID: 42363877
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00047-26
PMCID: PMC13386996

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