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Article

Fumarate Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease: Therapeutic Potential and Pathologic Pitfalls of DMF/MMF and FH1 Deficiency.

Journal of cardiovascular translational research - 1 Oct 2025

Zheng Xi-Long, Yin Hao

Abstract excerpt

Fumarate is increasingly recognized as a metabolic signal with dual effects in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacologic doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) transiently activate Nrf2 and HCAR2 pathways, offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic benefits. These include reduced endothelial activation, macrophage foam cell formation, and vascular remodeling in...

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Identifiers

PMID: 40986231
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-025-10695-y

Genes

HCAR2

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