Major depression disorder and heart failure: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a bidirectional causal relationship exists between major depressive disorder (MDD) and heart failure (HF). METHODS: Our two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study consisted of two parts. In the first part, we conducted a forward MR analysis where MDD was considered as the exposure and HF as the outcome. In the second part, a reverse MR analysis was performed,...

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