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Article

Using Mendelian randomization to explore the gateway hypothesis: possible causal effects of smoking initiation and alcohol consumption on substance use outcomes.

Addiction (Abingdon, England) - 1 Mar 2022

Reed Zoe E, Wootton Robyn E, Munafò Marcus R

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Initial use of drugs such as tobacco and alcohol may lead to subsequent more problematic drug use-the 'gateway' hypothesis. However, observed associations may be due to a shared underlying risk factor, such as trait impulsivity. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the gateway hypothesis. DESIGN: Our main method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR, with other methods...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34590374
DOI: 10.1111/add.15673
PMCID: PMC9453475

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