Article
Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) - 1 Feb 2021
Wootton Robyn E, Greenstone Harriet S R, Abdellaoui Abdel, Denys Damiaan, Verweij Karin J H, Munafò Marcus R, Treur Jorien L
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Loneliness is associated with cigarette smoking and problematic alcohol use. Observational evidence suggests these associations arise because loneliness increases substance use; however, there is potential for reverse causation (problematic drinking damages social networks, leading to loneliness). With conventional epidemiological methods, controlling for (residual) confounding and reverse...
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