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Article

TGF‐β signaling: A recap of SMAD‐independent and SMAD‐dependent pathways

19 Jul 2021

Abstract excerpt

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF-β-mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF-β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of...

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PMID: 34286853
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30529

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