Article
TGF‑β signaling: A complex role in tumorigenesis (Review)
6 Nov 2017
Abstract excerpt
Tumor progression can be affected by various cellular components of tumor cells and/or by tumor microenvironmental factors. The tumor microenvironment comprises a variety of nonmalignant stromal cells and inflammatory cytokines, which are pivotal in tumor promotion and progression. The transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) ligands (TGF‑β1, 2 and 3) are secreted inflammatory cytokines, which are known to be...
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