African-specific variability in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor M4: association with cocaine and heroin addiction.

doi:10.2217/pgs-2016-0028

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Article

African-specific variability in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor M4: association with cocaine and heroin addiction.

Pharmacogenomics - 1 Jun 2016

Levran Orna, Randesi Matthew, Peles Einat, Correa da Rosa Joel, Ott Jurg, Rotrosen John, Adelson Miriam, Kreek Mary Jeanne

Abstract excerpt

AIM: This study was designed to determine whether polymorphisms in acetylcholine receptors contribute to opioid dependence and/or cocaine dependence. PATIENTS & METHODS: The sample (n = 1860) was divided by drug and ancestry, and 55 polymorphisms (nine genes) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 20 SNPs that showed nominally significant associations, the association of the African-specific CHRM4 SNP rs2229163 (Asn417=)...

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Identifiers

PMID: 27269905
DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0028
PMCID: PMC4996315

Genes

CHRM4
AMBRA1
DGKZ

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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