Article
Sequential delivery of immunomodulatory cytokines to facilitate the M1-to-M2 transition of macrophages and enhance vascularization of bone scaffolds.
Biomaterials - 1 Jan 2015
Spiller Kara L, Nassiri Sina, Witherel Claire E, Anfang Rachel R, Ng Johnathan, Nakazawa Kenneth R, Yu Tony, Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana
Abstract excerpt
In normal tissue repair, macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) at early stages and a pro-healing phenotype (M2) at later stages. We have previously shown that M1 macrophages initiate angiogenesis while M2 macrophages promote vessel maturation. Therefore, we reasoned that scaffolds that promote sequential M1 and M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages should result in enhanced angiogenesis and...
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