Efficient translocation of positively charged residues of M13 procoat protein across the membrane excludes electrophoresis as the primary force for membrane insertion.

Abstract excerpt

The coat protein of bacteriophage M13 is inserted into the Escherichia coli plasma membrane as a precursor protein, termed procoat, with a typical leader peptide of 23 amino acid residues. Its membrane insertion requires the electrochemical potential but not the cellular components SecA and SecY. Since the electrochemical gradients result in the periplasmic side of the membrane being positively charged, the...

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